Madrid sits at the heart of Spain, both geographically and politically, occupying a central plateau at 650 meters above sea level. This elevation gives the city a distinctive climate and explains why locals joke about the dry air and intense summer heat. With over 3.4 million inhabitants in the city proper and nearly 6.8 million in the metropolitan area, Madrid has grown into Europe's second-largest city.

The Spanish capital wears its political importance openly. Government buildings, the Cortes Generales, and the Supreme Court all call this city home, while the Spanish royal family maintains their official residence here. But Madrid's influence extends beyond politics. It's become an economic powerhouse, generating over half the revenue of Spain's top 5,000 companies and hosting the fourth-largest stock exchange in Europe.

Walking through Madrid, you notice how it balances its role as a modern capital with its historical roots. The city was founded in the 9th century, though its rise to prominence came much later when it became the permanent seat of the Spanish court. The Manzanares River winds through the urban landscape, providing green corridors and recreational spaces that break up the density of this bustling metropolis.

Visit Madrid and you'll find a city that operates at different rhythms throughout the day. The business districts hum with corporate activity during morning hours, while the cultural quarters come alive in the evenings. The concentration of multinational companies here - Madrid ranks eighth globally in this regard - brings an international flavor that complements the distinctly Spanish character of the neighborhoods.

What strikes many visitors is how Madrid manages to feel both grand and approachable. The wide avenues and imposing architecture reflect its status as a capital city, yet the street life remains vibrant and accessible. The population density of nearly 6,000 people per square kilometer creates an urban energy that's palpable as you move through different districts.

Discover all of Madrid's secrets with our comprehensive Madrid audio guide, which reveals the stories behind the landmarks and neighborhoods that make this city Spain's beating heart. From its origins as a modest settlement to its current status as one of Europe's major capitals, Madrid continues to evolve while maintaining the character that has drawn people here for centuries.